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Evaluations· Epoch AI· CC-BY 4.0· Known Good Index component

GPQA Diamond

Graduate-level science questions written to be Google-proof. Aggregated from Epoch AI's AI Benchmarking Hub (gpqa_diamond.csv, column 'mean_score'), used under CC-BY 4.0. The Known Good aggregates published results; it runs no evaluations.

Publisher's page Licence & attribution How we use this score
253 models scored Higher is better Published by Epoch AI CC-BY 4.0
GPQA Diamond

GPQA Diamond as measured and published by Epoch AI (CC-BY 4.0). Ingested, normalised only where it feeds an index, and never re-run by us. Higher is better.

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💡 A lightbulb marks a model its provider publishes as a reasoning model
The Known Good
Every model we hold a GPQA Diamond score for
All 253 of 253 models
# Model Creator GPQA Diamond Known Good Index Measured
1 gpt-6-astra OpenAI 95.8 4 Sep 2026
2 Google: Gemini 3.7 Flash 💡 Google 94.8 4 Sep 2026
3 OpenAI: GPT-5.4 Pro 💡 OpenAI 94.6 4 Sep 2026
4 Google: Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview 💡 Google 94.4 97 4 Sep 2026
5 Google: Gemini 3.6 Flash 💡 Google 94.1 4 Sep 2026
6 gpt-5.5-pre-release OpenAI 94.0 97 4 Sep 2026
7 SpaceXAI: Grok 4.6 💡 xAI 94.0 4 Sep 2026
8 gpt-5.5-pro-pre-release OpenAI 93.9 4 Sep 2026
9 Claude Opus 5 💡 Anthropic 93.9 4 Sep 2026
10 OpenAI: GPT-5.6 Sol 💡 OpenAI 93.5 4 Sep 2026
11 SpaceXAI: Grok 4.5 💡 xAI 93.4 4 Sep 2026
12 OpenAI: GPT-5.6 Terra 💡 OpenAI 93.3 4 Sep 2026
13 OpenAI: GPT-5.4 💡 OpenAI 93.3 91 4 Sep 2026
14 MoonshotAI: Kimi K3 💡 Moonshot AI 93.1 4 Sep 2026
15 Google: Gemini 3.5 Flash 💡 Google 92.8 95 4 Sep 2026
16 Qwen: Qwen3.8 Max 💡 Alibaba 92.7 4 Sep 2026
17 gemini-3-pro-preview Google 92.6 84 4 Sep 2026
18 Z.ai: GLM 5.2 💡 Z.ai 91.9 91 4 Sep 2026
19 DeepSeek: DeepSeek V4 Pro 0813 💡 DeepSeek 91.7 4 Sep 2026
20 OpenAI: GPT-5.6 Luna 💡 OpenAI 91.6 4 Sep 2026
21 OpenAI: GPT-5.2 💡 OpenAI 91.4 81 4 Sep 2026
22 Anthropic: Claude Opus 4.8 💡 Anthropic 91.0 4 Sep 2026
23 DeepSeek: DeepSeek V4 Flash 0731 💡 DeepSeek 91.0 4 Sep 2026
24 MiniMax: MiniMax M3 💡 MiniMax 90.9 4 Sep 2026
25 Qwen: Qwen3.7 Max 💡 Alibaba 90.9 93 4 Sep 2026
26 DeepSeek: DeepSeek V4 Pro 0423 💡 DeepSeek 90.9 93 4 Sep 2026
27 Z.ai: GLM 5.3 💡 Z.ai 90.9 4 Sep 2026
28 MoonshotAI: Kimi K2.6 💡 Moonshot AI 90.8 92 4 Sep 2026
29 OpenAI: GPT-5.5 💡 OpenAI 90.7 93 4 Sep 2026
30 Anthropic: Claude Sonnet 5 💡 Anthropic 90.5 4 Sep 2026
31 Anthropic: Claude Opus 4.6 💡 Anthropic 90.5 89 4 Sep 2026
32 Anthropic: Claude Opus 4.7 💡 Anthropic 90.2 92 4 Sep 2026
33 Z.ai: GLM 5.3 Flash 💡 Z.ai 90.2 4 Sep 2026
34 Z.ai: GLM 5.1 💡 Z.ai 89.9 90 4 Sep 2026
35 muse-spark Meta 89.8 4 Sep 2026
36 Google: Gemini 3 Flash Preview 💡 Google 89.4 83 4 Sep 2026
37 grok-4.20-0309-reasoning xAI 89.3 4 Sep 2026
38 SpaceXAI: Grok 4.3 💡 xAI 88.8 4 Sep 2026
39 claude-opus-4-6_64K Anthropic 88.8 4 Sep 2026
40 Thinking Machines: Inkling Small 💡 Thinking Machines 88.5 4 Sep 2026
41 Qwen: Qwen3.6 Plus 💡 Alibaba 88.4 79 4 Sep 2026
42 Thinking Machines: Inkling 💡 Thinking Machines 88.3 4 Sep 2026
43 MoonshotAI: Kimi K2.7 Code 💡 Moonshot AI 87.9 4 Sep 2026
44 Qwen: Qwen3.7 Plus 💡 Alibaba 87.9 4 Sep 2026
45 Z.ai: GLM 5 💡 Z.ai 87.8 77 4 Sep 2026
46 OpenAI: GPT-5.1 💡 OpenAI 87.6 74 4 Sep 2026
47 fireworks/kimi-k2p5 Moonshot AI 87.6 4 Sep 2026
48 Qwen: Qwen3.6 Max Preview 💡 Alibaba 87.4 89 4 Sep 2026
49 Anthropic: Claude Sonnet 4.6 💡 Anthropic 87.4 80 4 Sep 2026
50 grok-4-0709 xAI 87.0 68 4 Sep 2026
51 OpenAI: GPT-5.4 Mini 💡 OpenAI 86.9 4 Sep 2026
52 gemini-3.5-flash_minimal Google 86.4 4 Sep 2026
53 qwen3.5-397b-a17b_none Alibaba 86.4 4 Sep 2026
54 OpenAI: GPT-5 💡 OpenAI 86.2 78 4 Sep 2026
55 Anthropic: Claude Opus 4.5 💡 Anthropic 86.0 72 4 Sep 2026
56 Anthropic: Claude Fable 5 💡 Anthropic 85.9 4 Sep 2026
57 Qwen: Qwen3.6 27B 💡 Alibaba 85.9 4 Sep 2026
58 Qwen: Qwen3.5 397B A17B 💡 Alibaba 85.9 4 Sep 2026
59 gemini-3.6-flash_minimal Google 85.9 4 Sep 2026
60 claude-opus-4-5-20251101_16K Anthropic 85.5 4 Sep 2026
61 NVIDIA: Nemotron 3 Ultra 💡 NVIDIA 85.4 4 Sep 2026
62 claude-opus-4-8_none Anthropic 85.4 4 Sep 2026
63 Google: Gemini 2.5 Pro 💡 Google 85.3 65 4 Sep 2026
64 Google: Gemini 2.5 Pro Preview 06-05 💡 Google 84.8 4 Sep 2026
65 qwen3.5-plus Alibaba 84.8 4 Sep 2026
66 qwen3.6-27b_none Alibaba 84.8 4 Sep 2026
67 qwen3.6-35b-a3b_none Alibaba 84.8 4 Sep 2026
68 kimi-k2-thinking-turbo Moonshot AI 84.2 4 Sep 2026
69 Qwen: Qwen3.6 35B A3B 💡 Alibaba 83.8 66 4 Sep 2026
70 gemini-2.5-pro-exp-03-25 Google 83.8 4 Sep 2026
71 Qwen: Qwen3.5-35B-A3B 💡 Alibaba 83.5 4 Sep 2026
72 deepseek-reasoner DeepSeek 83.4 4 Sep 2026
73 Google: Gemini 3.5 Flash Lite 💡 Google 83.3 4 Sep 2026
74 Qwen: Qwen3.6 Flash 💡 Alibaba 83.3 4 Sep 2026
75 Z.ai: GLM 4.7 💡 Z.ai 83.3 69 4 Sep 2026
76 gpt-5.6-sol_none OpenAI 82.8 4 Sep 2026
77 gpt-5.5-instant OpenAI 82.5 4 Sep 2026
78 Qwen: Qwen3.5-Flash 💡 Alibaba 82.3 4 Sep 2026
79 claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929_59K Anthropic 82.3 4 Sep 2026
80 Qwen: Qwen3.7 Flash 💡 Alibaba 82.3 4 Sep 2026
81 Google: Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite 💡 Google 81.8 4 Sep 2026
82 OpenAI: o3 💡 OpenAI 81.8 74 4 Sep 2026
83 qwen3.7-plus_none Alibaba 81.8 4 Sep 2026
84 claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929 Anthropic 81.7 66 4 Sep 2026
85 MiniMax-M3_none MiniMax 81.3 4 Sep 2026
86 qwen3.5-35b-a3b_none Alibaba 81.2 4 Sep 2026
87 qwen3.7-flash_none Alibaba 80.8 4 Sep 2026
88 Qwen: Qwen3 235B A22B Thinking 2507 💡 Alibaba 80.1 4 Sep 2026
89 OpenAI: o4 Mini 💡 OpenAI 79.6 4 Sep 2026
90 Qwen: Qwen3.5-9B 💡 Alibaba 79.0 44 4 Sep 2026
91 qwen3.5-9B_none Alibaba 78.9 4 Sep 2026
92 claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929_16K Anthropic 78.8 4 Sep 2026
93 claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219_64K Anthropic 78.5 4 Sep 2026
94 OpenAI: GPT-5.4 Nano 💡 OpenAI 78.5 4 Sep 2026
95 claude-sonnet-4-20250514 Anthropic 78.3 4 Sep 2026
96 claude-sonnet-4-20250514_59K Anthropic 77.8 4 Sep 2026
97 claude-opus-4-1-20250805_16K Anthropic 77.3 4 Sep 2026
98 gpt-5.5_none OpenAI 77.3 4 Sep 2026
99 gpt-5.6-terra_none OpenAI 77.3 4 Sep 2026
100 OpenAI: o3 Mini 💡 OpenAI 77.0 86 4 Sep 2026
101 OpenAI: o1 💡 OpenAI 76.8 70 4 Sep 2026
102 claude-opus-4-1-20250805_27K Anthropic 76.8 4 Sep 2026
103 claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219 Anthropic 76.8 74 4 Sep 2026
104 claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219_16K Anthropic 76.8 4 Sep 2026
105 DeepSeek: R1 0528 💡 DeepSeek 76.3 4 Sep 2026
106 grok-3-mini-beta xAI 76.3 4 Sep 2026
107 claude-opus-4-20250514_16K Anthropic 76.3 4 Sep 2026
108 OpenAI: gpt-oss-120b 💡 OpenAI 75.8 62 4 Sep 2026
109 claude-sonnet-4-20250514_16K Anthropic 75.8 4 Sep 2026
110 gemma-4-31b-it_minimal Google 75.8 4 Sep 2026
111 OpenAI: GPT-5 Mini 💡 OpenAI 75.0 67 4 Sep 2026
112 gpt-5.4-2026-03-05_none OpenAI 74.7 4 Sep 2026
113 gemini-3.5-flash-lite_minimal Google 74.2 4 Sep 2026
114 gemini-3.1-flash-lite_minimal Google 73.7 4 Sep 2026
115 Anthropic: Claude Opus 4.1 💡 Anthropic 73.2 50 4 Sep 2026
116 gpt-5.2-2025-12-11_none OpenAI 73.2 4 Sep 2026
117 deepseek-v4-pro_none DeepSeek 73.2 4 Sep 2026
118 gemma-4-26b-a4b-it_minimal Google 73.2 4 Sep 2026
119 Qwen: Qwen3 Max 💡 Alibaba 72.6 4 Sep 2026
120 gpt-5-2025-08-07_minimal OpenAI 71.7 4 Sep 2026
121 gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07_minimal OpenAI 71.7 4 Sep 2026
122 seed-oss-36b-instruct Unknown 71.5 4 Sep 2026
123 DeepSeek: DeepSeek V3 DeepSeek 71.2 62 4 Sep 2026
124 claude-haiku-4-5-20251001 Anthropic 71.2 67 4 Sep 2026
125 glm-5.2_none Z.ai 71.2 4 Sep 2026
126 Qwen: Qwen3 235B A22B 💡 Alibaba 70.7 4 Sep 2026
127 Qwen: Qwen3 30B A3B Thinking 2507 💡 Alibaba 70.1 4 Sep 2026
128 OpenAI: GPT-5 Nano 💡 OpenAI 69.4 68 4 Sep 2026
129 DeepSeek: R1 💡 DeepSeek 69.2 75 4 Sep 2026
130 claude-opus-4-20250514 Anthropic 69.2 68 4 Sep 2026
131 gpt-4.5-preview OpenAI 68.7 54 4 Sep 2026
132 DeepSeek: DeepSeek V3 0324 DeepSeek 67.6 64 4 Sep 2026
133 grok-3-beta xAI 67.6 4 Sep 2026
134 Llama-4-Maverick-17B-128E-Instruct-FP8 Meta 67.0 4 Sep 2026
135 OpenAI: GPT-4.1 OpenAI 66.9 46 4 Sep 2026
136 Google: Gemini 2.5 Pro Preview 05-06 💡 Google 66.7 4 Sep 2026
137 gpt-5.1-2025-11-13_none OpenAI 66.7 4 Sep 2026
138 OpenAI: GPT-4.1 Mini OpenAI 65.8 4 Sep 2026
139 Qwen: Qwen3 32B 💡 Alibaba 65.7 4 Sep 2026
140 gemini-2.0-pro-exp-02-05 Google 65.7 74 4 Sep 2026
141 qwq-plus Alibaba 65.4 4 Sep 2026
142 QwQ-32B Alibaba 65.3 69 4 Sep 2026
143 gemini-2.0-flash-001 Google DeepMind,Google 64.1 61 4 Sep 2026
144 DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B DeepSeek 64.1 53 4 Sep 2026
145 gpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-17_none OpenAI 64.1 4 Sep 2026
146 Qwen: Qwen3 14B 💡 Alibaba 63.8 4 Sep 2026
147 gpt-5.6-luna_none OpenAI 63.6 4 Sep 2026
148 o1-mini OpenAI 62.4 65 4 Sep 2026
149 Qwen: Qwen3 30B A3B 💡 Alibaba 61.7 4 Sep 2026
150 OpenAI: gpt-oss-20b 💡 OpenAI 60.8 42 4 Sep 2026
151 Z.ai: GLM 4.7 Flash 💡 Z.ai 60.5 4 Sep 2026
152 Mistral: Mistral Medium 3 Mistral 59.5 4 Sep 2026
153 gemini-1.5-pro-002 Google 57.2 4 Sep 2026
154 gemini-2.0-flash-thinking-exp-01-21 Google DeepMind,Google 57.1 62 4 Sep 2026
155 Qwen: Qwen3 8B 💡 Alibaba 56.8 4 Sep 2026
156 qwen-max Alibaba 56.1 4 Sep 2026
157 Microsoft: Phi 4 Microsoft 56.1 41 4 Sep 2026
158 magistral-small-2506 Mistral 56.1 4 Sep 2026
159 DeepSeek: R1 Distill Llama 70B 💡 DeepSeek 55.7 63 4 Sep 2026
160 Qwen: Qwen3 30B A3B Instruct 2507 Alibaba 55.6 4 Sep 2026
161 gpt-5.4-nano-2026-03-17_none OpenAI 55.6 4 Sep 2026
162 claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022 Anthropic 55.3 45 4 Sep 2026
163 Qwen3-32B_none Alibaba 54.1 4 Sep 2026
164 claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620 Anthropic 54.0 4 Sep 2026
165 grok-2-1212 xAI 53.8 45 4 Sep 2026
166 qwen3-14b_none Alibaba 53.4 4 Sep 2026
167 qwen3-4b Alibaba 52.3 4 Sep 2026
168 Llama-4-Scout-17B-16E-Instruct Meta 51.8 4 Sep 2026
169 mistral-large-2411 Mistral 51.3 37 4 Sep 2026
170 Llama-3.1-405B-Instruct Meta 50.9 4 Sep 2026
171 Qwen3-30B-A3B_none Alibaba 50.4 4 Sep 2026
172 o1-preview OpenAI 50.3 4 Sep 2026
173 OpenAI: GPT-4o OpenAI 49.2 27 4 Sep 2026
174 Qwen2.5 72B Instruct Alibaba 49.1 4 Sep 2026
175 mistral-small-3.2-2506 Mistral 49.1 4 Sep 2026
176 Mistral Large 2407 Mistral 49.0 4 Sep 2026
177 OpenAI: GPT-4.1 Nano OpenAI 48.9 4 Sep 2026
178 gpt-5-nano-2025-08-07_minimal OpenAI 48.5 4 Sep 2026
179 Qwen: Qwen-Plus 💡 Alibaba 48.1 4 Sep 2026
180 Google: Gemma 3 27B 💡 Google 47.7 47 4 Sep 2026
181 magistral-small-2509 Mistral 47.6 4 Sep 2026
182 mistral-small-2503 Mistral 47.5 33 4 Sep 2026
183 qwen3-8b_none Alibaba 47.5 4 Sep 2026
184 Meta: Llama 3.3 70B Instruct Meta 47.4 34 4 Sep 2026
185 gemini-1.5-flash-002 Google 47.3 4 Sep 2026
186 mistral-small-3-2501 Mistral 47.3 4 Sep 2026
187 claude-3-opus-20240229 Anthropic 47.2 32 4 Sep 2026
188 OpenAI: GPT-4 Turbo OpenAI 46.6 4 Sep 2026
189 Llama-3.1-Tulu-3-70B-DPO Allen Institute for AI,University of Washington 46.3 4 Sep 2026
190 qwen2.5-32b-instruct Alibaba 46.1 4 Sep 2026
191 gemini-1.5-pro-001 Google 45.9 4 Sep 2026
192 qwen3-4b-instruct-2507 Unknown 45.8 4 Sep 2026
193 mistral-small-2501 Mistral 45.3 31 4 Sep 2026
194 glm-4.7-flash_none Unknown 45.1 4 Sep 2026
195 DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-14B DeepSeek 44.7 4 Sep 2026
196 Meta: Llama 3.1 70B Instruct Meta 44.2 4 Sep 2026
197 qwen3-4b_none Alibaba 43.6 4 Sep 2026
198 WizardLM-2 8x22B Microsoft 43.4 4 Sep 2026
199 gpt-4-1106-preview OpenAI 42.4 4 Sep 2026
200 gpt-4-0125-preview OpenAI 42.3 4 Sep 2026
201 mistral-small-3.1-2503 Mistral 41.9 4 Sep 2026
202 qwen-turbo Alibaba 41.8 4 Sep 2026
203 Llama-3.2-90B-Vision-Instruct Meta 41.0 4 Sep 2026
204 qwen2-72b-instruct Alibaba 40.8 4 Sep 2026
205 claude-3-sonnet-20240229 Anthropic 40.6 4 Sep 2026
206 Meta-Llama-3-70B-Instruct Meta 40.6 4 Sep 2026
207 gemini-1.5-flash-001 Google 40.4 4 Sep 2026
208 Google: Gemma 3 12B Google 39.5 4 Sep 2026
209 mistral-large-2402 Mistral 38.8 4 Sep 2026
210 claude-3-5-haiku-20241022 Anthropic 38.1 30 4 Sep 2026
211 qwen3-1.7b Alibaba 38.0 4 Sep 2026
212 OpenAI: GPT-4o-mini OpenAI 37.7 31 4 Sep 2026
213 Hermes-2-Theta-Llama-3-70B Nous Research,Arcee AI 37.5 4 Sep 2026
214 Google: Gemma 2 27B Google 36.5 21 4 Sep 2026
215 Anthropic: Claude 3 Haiku Anthropic 36.3 4 Sep 2026
216 gpt-4-0314 OpenAI 35.7 4 Sep 2026
217 Qwen: Qwen2.5 7B Instruct Alibaba 35.5 4 Sep 2026
218 claude-2.0 Anthropic 34.7 4 Sep 2026
219 open-mixtral-8x22b Mistral 34.1 4 Sep 2026
220 gemini-1.0-pro-001 Google 34.0 4 Sep 2026
221 Eurus-2-7B-PRIME Tsinghua University,University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC),Shanghai AI Lab,Peking University,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute 33.9 4 Sep 2026
222 DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-1.5B DeepSeek 33.6 4 Sep 2026
223 gemini-1.5-flash-8b-001 Google 33.0 4 Sep 2026
224 claude-2.1 Anthropic 33.0 4 Sep 2026
225 dbrx-instruct Databricks 32.9 4 Sep 2026
226 Yi-1.5-34B-Chat 01.AI 32.0 4 Sep 2026
227 qwen1.5-32b-chat Alibaba 30.7 4 Sep 2026
228 gpt-4-0613 OpenAI 30.7 4 Sep 2026
229 qwen3-1.7b_none Alibaba 30.6 4 Sep 2026
230 Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1 Mistral 30.6 4 Sep 2026
231 open-mistral-nemo-2407 Mistral 29.9 4 Sep 2026
232 open-mixtral-8x7b Mistral 29.8 4 Sep 2026
233 qwen1.5-72b-chat Alibaba 28.8 4 Sep 2026
234 IBM: Granite 4.0 Micro IBM 28.3 4 Sep 2026
235 gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 OpenAI 28.0 4 Sep 2026
236 Phi-3-medium-128k-instruct Microsoft 27.6 4 Sep 2026
237 gemma-2-9b-it Google 27.5 13 4 Sep 2026
238 gpt-3.5-turbo-0125 OpenAI 27.2 4 Sep 2026
239 ministral-8b-2410 Mistral 27.1 4 Sep 2026
240 Meta: Llama 3.1 8B Instruct Meta 27.0 4 Sep 2026
241 Llama-2-70b-chat-hf Meta 26.3 4 Sep 2026
242 Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct Meta 26.1 4 Sep 2026
243 ministral-3b-2410 Mistral 25.3 4 Sep 2026
244 deepseek-llm-67b-chat DeepSeek 24.6 4 Sep 2026
245 granite-4.0-1b Unknown 24.0 4 Sep 2026
246 Meta: Llama 3.2 1B Instruct Meta 23.9 4 Sep 2026
247 Google: Gemma 3 4B Google 23.2 4 Sep 2026
248 gemma-3-1b-it Google 19.9 4 Sep 2026
249 Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.3 Mistral 15.2 4 Sep 2026
250 Yi-34B-Chat 01.AI 14.7 4 Sep 2026
251 open-mistral-7b Mistral 13.2 4 Sep 2026
252 granite-4.0-350m Unknown 11.2 4 Sep 2026
253 deepseek-r1-0528-qwen3-8b Unknown 9.3 4 Sep 2026
The Known Good
Provenance. These figures are published by Epoch AI and redistributed here under CC-BY 4.0. The publisher's own page is here. We did not run this evaluation and we do not adjust the published numbers — where a score feeds an index it is min-max normalised against every other model holding the same evaluation, and nothing else is done to it. This evaluation is one of the seven components of the Known Good Index. Full licence detail is on attribution, and every score here is in the CSV download.